DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM.

DIABETES

Is rare in the ox. It is practically the same in the ox
as in the horse. (See page 63.)

Remedy.—Change food ; nutritions diet with a fair
quantity of water. Gentle laxative. Tincture of iodine.
Iodide potassium in drinking water. Vegetable tonics.

For doses, see pages 13 to 29.

ALBUMINOUS URINE (ALBUMINURIA),

Means the presence of albumen in the urine, the mi­
croscope revealing “spherical, epithelial cells and granular
matter.” It is usually the result of cold, injuries, errors
of diet, such as too poor or too rich food and congestion
or inflammation of some part of the urinary tract.

Remedy.—House well ; good, digestible food. Mustard
to loins sometimes beneficial. Cupping over loins in acute
inflammation pf kidneys. Purges and injections if neces­
sary. Digitalis, if ordered by surgeon.

RED WATER, BLACK WATER, BLOODY URINE,
MUIR ILL, &c.,
Are different names for a disease characterized by the
emission of red-chocolate or black urine, containing albu­
men and the coloring matter of the blood in a broken or
disintegrated condition.

The disease is divided into two kinds—parturient and
non-parturient. The former occurs eight or ten days af­
ter calving. It is believed to be caused by “a special
coccus " (mite), having " a diameter of about half a mil-

REMEDIES FOR RED WATER AND NEPHRITIS.        271

limeter,” but it is also attributed to impoverished pastures,
heathy moors, overfeeding on turnips, &c.

Symptoms.—Great prostration ; febrile excitement ;
palpitation of heart ; double, trembling pulse ; pallor of
mucous membranes ; diarrhea followed by obstinate con­
stipation.

Remedy.—Change diet ; restrict supply of roots. Sa­
line purge ; stomachics and bitters. Iron salts, turpen­
tine, ammonia chloride. For doses, see pages 13 to 29.

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS (NEPHRI­
TIS),

Is rare and seems to be confined to working oxen. It
may be caused by irritating diuretics, injuries, calculus
concretions, &c. (See page 115).

Fig. 117. Nephritis.

Remedy.—Tincture aconite (V. P.), 40 drops, solution
acetate ammonium, 4 oz., water in proportion, 3 times a
day. Warm injections and purges at outset. Sheep skin
or other covering over loins. Bleed if necessary.

Congestion of the Kidneys results from interfer­
ence with the heart's action or the pulmonary circulation,
from which fact it derives its importance.

272                          THE DISEASES OF CATTLE.

Uraemia is the more or less complete cessation of the
excretion of the waste products of the body which the
kidneys ought to separate from the blood. (Gresswell.)

It is a serious disease, as the function ordinarily per­
formed by the kidneys devolves on the skin, bowels, and
liver. The blood contains an excess of waste products.
The disease follows inflammation of the kidneys.

SUPPRESSION OF URINE

May be complete, though rarely, owing to acute in­
flammation of the kidneys. It is often partly suppressed
in acute febrile diseases. In certain febrile states there
may be a deficient secretion of urine, and what is passed
will probably be of high specific gravity. The disorder
occurs in draft oxen, in dry countries, and in cattle kept
on dry pastures in hot, dry weather. Working oxen, fed
on dry food, should have about seven gallons of water
daily. Those at pasture should be well supplied also.

RETENTION OF URINE

May arise from obstruction or lack of expulsive power,
as in paralysis. As a rule the ox is very irritable ; lashes
tail ; lifts hind limbs ; lies down often perhaps ; tries to
pass water ; looks at flanks. Sometimes, however, the
bladder may burst without manifestation of much pain.
Pass catheter and treat according to circumstances.

The name dysuria is given to the painful expulsion of
urine, and strangury to its passage drop by drop, as in
spasm or inflammation of the neck of the bladder.

A previous condition of the urachus (canal) may cause
constant dribbling of urine through the navel. Ligature
or stitch. It is most frequent in prematurely born calves.

BLADDER DISORDERS.

273

INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER (CYSTITIS),

Is rare. It may arise from the use of cantharides or
injuries. The whole bladder or its neck only may be im­
plicated. There is retention of urine, which, when drawn
off with a catheter, is found to contain albumen.

Fig. 118. Cystitis.

Remedy.—Give plenty of watery gruel and nothing
else, and apply warm or cold water to the abdomen. In­
ject an infusion of poppies into the bladder if it can be
done without increasing the inflammation.

Stones or Calculus Concretions occur in the kid­
neys, bladder, urethra, &c, of the ox much the same as
in the horse, and are treated, when treated at all, in a
similar way. In serious cases slaughter is preferable to
treatment. (See page 118.)

Inversion of the Bladder (in the cow) may be caused
by excessive labor pains. The organ may be returned
after the pains have ceased, but it is usually better to
slaughter.

Parasites have been found in the kidneys of the ox.

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